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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Oxford, 1946

The Board of Governors spent time discussing the principles underpinning Red Cross Red Crescent work, taking as their starting point a shared view of what these had been, till then:

“The impartiality, the political, religious and economic independence, the universality of the Red Cross and the equality of the National Red Cross Societies”

To this the Board added another 13 principles, including:

“6. That, if, despite all efforts to the contrary, war should break out, a Red Cross Society must direct all its efforts to lessening the distress caused by the war to improving the condition of the sick, wounded and prisoners of war; to protecting the civilian population, particularly women and children, from the horrors of war and to giving them moral and material help; this work to be carried out either independently or in co-operation with the services of the Armed Forces and with the Government’s Civil Defense Services”.

To this they added six standards for the application of the principles, two of which were:

“5. A Red Cross Society should encourage and promote the Junior Red Cross movement amongst boys and girls. The aims of this movement are to teach the importance of service to others, the formation of healthy habits of living, the development of a sense of social responsibility and the strengthening of the great bond of international friendship existing bet ween Junior Red Cross Sections of National Red Cross Societies all over the world.

6. In preparation of nursing and first aid services, a National Red Cross Society should train nurses and other personnel to render medical and other forms of supplementary assistance to the public both during war and during peace”.

NURSlNG COMMISSION

22

Tribute to trained nurses and voluntary aids

The Board of Governors pays tribute to the trained nurses and voluntary aids in all parts of the world, who gave up their lives whilst upholding the spirit of the Red Cross, and have thus merited its undying gratitude.

23

Voluntary (unpaid) service within the Red Cross

The Board of Governors expresses the wish that the principle of voluntary (unpaid) service within the Red Cross be safeguarded. Owing to the importance of the question, it expresses the wish that the League and the International Committee of the Red Cross undertake a thorough study of this question as it relates to nurses and voluntary aids in time of peace and war.

24

Official status of nurses

Recognizing the rapid expansion of the health services in all the countries, the importance of the role of the nurse in those services and the necessity to ensure an adequate number of nurses, The Board of Governors recommends that the national Red Cross Societies encourage whenever necessary the passing of legislation defining the status of the nurse and the conditions under which she works and to which her responsible position entitles her; it recommends moreover that this be done wherever possible through the national Nurses’ Associations.

25

Basic training of Red Cross nurses – Reciprocity and exchange of nurses between countries

The Board of Governors recommends that the effort already undertaken by the League be pursued with a view to unifying the basic training of Red Cross trained nurses in conformity with the recommendations of the International Council of Nurses, and of facilitating reciprocity as well as the exchange of nurses between one country and another.

26

Training and common designation of Voluntary Nursing Aids

The Board of Governors recommends that the Secretariat should consider which should be the essential items to be included in the programme of instruction for Voluntary Nursing Aids in all countries and should encourage the adoption of a common designation for these aids.

27

Instructions on social questions for Red Cross nursing personnel

The Board of Governors expresses the hope that instruction relating to social questions shall be included in the programmes of instruction for Red Cross nurses and voluntary aids.

28

Hospital libraries and Hospital welfare work

The Board of Governors recommends that national Societies include in their programmes the study of hospital libraries and hospital welfare work.

29

Nursing Scholarships

The Board of Governors recommends that the League should continue to assist national Societies by awarding scholarships either for basic training in nursing or for post-graduate study or study visits of a short duration.

30

Information Bulletin for Red Cross Nurses

The Board of Governors recommends that the League should continue to publish the “Information Bulletin for Red Cross Nurses” and give it the widest possible distribution. It further recommends that publication of this Bulletin in a Slav language should be envisaged.

31

Missions and visits

The Board of Governors emphasizes the importance of personal contacts between the Nursing Bureau of the League and the Nursing Departments within the various national Red Cross Societies and recommends that these contacts be as frequent as possible.

32

Promotion of Nursing in Latin America

The Board of Governors notes with satisfaction the special efforts made by the League in nursing in Latin America which has contributed to the promotion of nursing in that Continent; it therefore expresses the wish that this action be further pursued,

33

Assistance to sick nurses

The Board of Governors expresses the hope that the necessary funds be placed at the disposal of the League to enable it to continue its assistance to sick nurses.

34

Florence Nightingale International Foundation

Whereas the Florence Nightingale International Foundation bears the name of Florence Nightingale who was not only an accomplished nurse, but also a pioneer and an organizer whose influence is still felt in health and social services throughout the world;

Recognizing that the contributions made by the League of Red Cross Societies and by the International Council of Nurses to the Foundation are of paramount importance;

Recognizing that the international courses organized by the Foundation with the co-operation of Bedford College and the Royal College of Nursing have hitherto rendered great service;

The Board of Governors expresses the wish,

that the League of Red Cross Societies should maintain its interest in the Foundation namely:

by enabling scholarship students from the League to follow post-graduate studies under the auspices of the Foundation;

by encouraging the development of national Florence Nightingale Memorial Committees and the granting of scholarships by national Red Cross Societies through these Committees;

by ensuring that the League is adequately represented on the directing bodies of the Foundation;

that the Foundation should retain complete autonomy in regard to all international bodies; that nurses should have a leading part in its management and administration;

That its whole policy should continue to develop a spirit of universality and international understanding and be broadened to take into account the increased opportunities for study which exist in the various countries.

35

Nursing Advisory Committee

The Nursing Advisory Committee, in view of the fact that the meetings of the said Committee are of undeniable value to national Red Cross Societies,

Recommends that the League should organize such meetings as frequently as possible, and, in any case, not less than once every second year.

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Paris, 1945

No mention of women, or of issues of more importance to them than to other groups.

Briefly, in the balance sheet, a nursing text-book is included; similarly, “Irakian Nurses”.

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Board of Governors

Report in lieu of Meeting of Board of Governors, Geneva, 1940

As the Secretariat of the League had to relocate from Paris to Geneva as a result of the invasion and occupation of France in the spring of 1940, and as a result of the difficulties of travel at this time, the Meeting of the Board of Governors scheduled for September was cancelled. To compensate, the Secretary General circulated a report on activities during the biennium. Extracts from this report follow below.


“RELIEF

It is in the field of relief that the activity of the League has been particularly intense and fruitful during this period. Allusion has already been made to the Anatolian earthquake which caused almost 30,000 deaths and destroyed more than 25,000 houses. Immediately following reports of the catastrophe, the Secretary General of the League went to Turkey as representative of the International Red Cross Committee and the League of Red Cross Societies, to look into the needs of the Turkish Red Crescent. In the report on his mission, which was communicated to the National Red Cross Societies, the Secretary General praised the magnificent efforts of the Rod Crescent in rendering assistance to victims of the earthquake.

As the war spread to new countries, roaching Norway, Holland, Luxemburg and Belgium, the League, in close collaboration with the International Red Cross Committee, redoubled its efforts to stimulate and facilitate in every possible manner the relief work undertaken by National Red Cross Societies in favour of civilian populations, especially of women and children. …”

“JUNIOR RED CROSS

The situation created by the war on the European Continent has imposed fresh tasks on the Juniors. The Director of the Junior Red Cross Bureau of the League Secretariat addressed a letter to all national sections exhorting them to give their best assistance to their respective Societies in their work for the alleviation of sufferings caused by the war. This appeal met a response everywhere and the efforts made by young people in all countries proved the moral and practical value of the Junior Red Cross movement amongst national societies.

In general, the Juniors concerned themselves especially with assisting child refugees or evacuees, by sending foodstuffs suitable to their particular needs, clothing often being made by girls of Junior Sections, and money collected by the boys. In this connection the activity developped by the Juniors of the United States deserves special mention. …”

Under “MISSIONS AND STUDY VISITS” are mentioned a number of women who visited the Secretariat for study purposes:

  • Mme Stanioniene of the Lithuanian Red Cross
  • Mlle de Souza Barros of the Brazilian Red Cross

Other visitors, sometimes in France or Switzerland (where the Secretariat had been moved as a result of the war) for other purposes, also came, among them:

  • Mme Brieba de Lorca (Chilean Red Cross)
  • Mrs. T.H. Lowrie (New Zealand Red Cross Society)
  • Miss Muzzio (Argentine Red Cross)
  • Miss Oppenheim (American Red Cross)
  • Miss Suitiala (Finnish Red Cross)
  • Miss Jensen (Danish Red Cross)
  • Mme de Costres (Roumanian Red Cross)

«SECRETARIAT

Mrs. Maynard L. Carter, who for many years was Chief of the Nursing Bureau of the Secretariat, has been obliged, for reasons of health, to resign her post

The members of the Executive Committee, at their meeting on November 24th, 1938, expressed their deep thanks to Mrs. Carter for her past services and requested her permission to allow the Secretariat of the League to continue to benefit from her great experience by appointing her Technical Adviser on nursing questions.

The Secretary General has appointed Mlle Yvonne Hentsch to succeed Mrs. Carter at the head of the nursing Bureau.”.

NURSING

The Nursing Bureau has continued to encourage the development of the profession throughout the world by stimulating and facilitating study and lecture courses abroad for nurses.

Scholarships have been awarded by the League to five nurses as follows:

One Polish Red Cross nurse for the 1938/39 course of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation (half-scholarship).

One Turkish Red Crescent nurse for the same course.

Two nurses of the Iraq Red Crescent who in 1940 will complete three years of study at the Royal East Sussex Hospital, Hastings, England.

One Brazilian Red Cross nurse for a course of study at the International Migration Service, Paris.

Four students of the International Florence Nightingale Foundation were invited by the League to spend a few days in Paris in order to visit a certain number of hospitals and charitable organizations.

Moreover, the American Red Cross offered a scholarship to a foreign student selected by the League. A Chinese Red Cross nurse, who had successfully followed the courses of the International Florence Nightingale Foundation in London, was chosen for this scholarship.

Two Yugoslav nurses completed their studies in France and Belgium, under the auspices of the League.

At the end of 1938, two Iraqi nurses, having completed their studies in London, returned to their own country, where they now are in charge of the Maternal and Child Centre of the Iraq Red Crescent”.

“PUBLICATIONS

The series of articles forwarded to national Red Cross Societies for reproduction in their publications or for communication to the Press, have continued to appear in three languages. The subjects dealt with in this series concern the different aspects of Red Cross activity: Hygiene, campaigns against epidemics, prevention of disease, child welfare, training of nurses and visiting nurses, disaster relief, blood transfusion, etc. The series which appeared in May 1939 included articles prepared for the 20th anniversary of the League, which have been reproduced in a great number of reviews of national Societies”.

“PART II

THE LEAGUE OF RED CROSS SOCIETIES

since September 1939

“On September 7th, the International Red Cross Committee and the League sent to the national Societies the following telegram:

In everything that concerns its statutory activities in the technical fields of relief, nursing, health problems and the Junior Red Cross the League, while taking into account the new situation created by the war in Europe, will give the national Red Cross Societies the greatest co-operation possible. …”

“SECRETARIAT

At the present time, the Secretariat consists, apart from the Secretary General and the Assistant Secretary General, of six Bureaux the Pan-American, Relief, Hygiene, Nursing, Junior Red Cross and Propaganda, and three Services (Publications, Financial and Administrative)”.

NURSING

The interest taken by the League in questions connected with nursing has not decreased. The International Nightingale Foundation Courses having had to be suspended on account of hostilities, the Secretariat of the League attempted to obtain facilities in the United States through the intermediary of the American Red Cross which would enable certain nurses to receive complementary training similar to that given by the London courses.

The League participated to the extent of 250 pounds in the expenses connected with the winding up of the Florence Nightingale Foundation’s accounts.

The Nursing Bureau has published two documentary studies on the influence which the war has had on the training of nurses and on old ago insurance and nursing.

At the request of the Turkish Red Crescent, the Nursing Bureau arranged the journey of a Polish Red Cross nurse to Istambul, where she occupies the post of Director of the Society’s Nursing School.

The League has intervened in order to assist nurses, who were unable on account of circumstances to work in their own country, to find posts abroad.

At the request of the Rumanian Red Cross and the Turkish Red Crescent, the Nursing Bureau lent these Societies a series of slides on the life of Florence Nightingale and the history of nursing.

The Venezuelan Red Cross has requested the Nursing Bureau to designate nurses qualified to fill leading positions. Nurses of several nationalities have already been suggested”.

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, London, 1938

“IX

Nursing Advisory Committee The Board of Governors, having taken cognizance of the report of the Nursing Advisory Committee, instructs the Secretary General to arrange to comply, so far as possibilities allow, with the recommendations of this Committee, with special reference to the holding of regular meetings of the Nursing Advisory Committee every two years, the granting of nursing scholarships, and the undertaking by the Nursing Division of the Secretariat of a further study of public health nursing in rural communities; the Committee’s recommendation that its membership should be strengthened by the addition of a representative of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation, and of representatives from Latin America and the Far East, is approved”.

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Paris, 1936

“XVI

Nursing Scholarships.

The Board of Governors authorizes the Secretariat to continue and develop, so far as the means at -its disposal allow, the policy of facilitating the training of Red Cross nurses, including post-graduate training and training for specialized work, by making grants to national Societies for scholarships, for study abroad, and for similar purposes”.

“XVII

Conference of Experts.

The Board of Governors notes with satisfaction the arrangements made by the League, jointly with the International Red Cross Committee, for holding in January 1937 the conference of experts contemplated by Resolution XVI of the XVth International Red Cross Conference, and expresses the hope that all Societies, which can conveniently do so, will delegate nurses and others qualified by their functions to participate”.

“XVIII

Nursing Advisory Board.

The Board of Governors approves the holding in January of a meeting of the Nursing Advisory Committee; notes with satisfaction that membership of this Committee has been maintained in accordance with its recommendation, approved by the Board of Governors in 1928 ; instructs the Secretary General to lay before the Executive Committee a report of the said meeting; and expresses the view that in principle such meetings should be held at least once every two years”.

“XIX

Florence Nightingale International Foundation.

The Board of Governors notes with satisfaction the progress made by the Florence Nightingale International Foundation, approves the continued cooperation of the League with this Foundation, and authorizes the Chairman to nominate in due course the representatives of the League on the Grand Council of the Foundation. The Board is gratified to learn that national Florence Nightingale Memorial Committees are now working in 21 countries, with the active cooperation of the national Red Cross Societies. The representatives of the League on the Grand Council are authorized to support such changes in the educational policy of the Foundation as may be recognized to be necessary, provided always that the special needs of Red Cross Societies for educational facilities for their nurses should be kept in mind, and that the facilities provided shall be of the highest professional standard compatible therewith, and of the necessary broadly educational character”.

“XXVII

Air Ambulance Services.

The Board of Governors,

Approving the collaboration established between the League of Red Cross Societies and the International Air Federation through the International Committee for the Study of Air Ambulances,

Expresses its thanks to the Chairman and the Members of the International Air Federation for their valuable co-operation,

Approves the general regulations for the institution of a certificate for nurses for air ambulance service, Recommends that the International Study Committee continue its work with a view to formulating plans for agreements between national Red Cross Societies and aero clubs, members of the Air Federation, such agreements to define the services which the two bodies can mutually render so as to accomplish systematically and speedily the humanitarian work in which aeroplanes can usefully participate”.

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Paris, 1935

In the document available is contained four resolutions, none of which mention a woman – not even in the guise of nurses.

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Tokyo, 1934

“RESOLUTION 5

The Secretary-General is instructed to convey to Dame Alicia Lloyd Still, President of the Florence Nightingale International Foundation, the deep interest with which the League of Red Cross Societies will follow the Foundation’s work in providing nursing facilities for post-graduate nursing education. The Board expresses the hope that national Red Cross Societies will co-operate closely with national nursing associations in the endeavour to place the Foundation upon a solid financial basis. The representatives of the League on the Grand Council and on the Committee of Management of the Foundation are instructed to give special attention, when co-operating in working out the policies of the Foundation, to the great benefits which national Red Cross Societies may derive from the facilities provided by the Foundation”.

“Resolution 6

The Board of Governors notes with approval the intention of the Secretary-General to extend and develop the activities of the League Secretariat in the nursing field, and instructs him to present a programme of proposed work in this field for approval by the Executive Committee at a forthcoming meeting.”

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Paris, 1932

“xxv

The stimulus provided by the League nationally and internationally.

The Board of Governors,

Considering that the Red Cross spirit represents an invaluable factor of world stability and a rallying point for men and women of goodwill in all countries, …”

“XIV

Juniors and Adult Membership

The Board of Governors,

Considering that the Junior Red Cross prepares boys and girls for future Red Cross work and awakens in them the desire to give service to the Red Cross throughout their lives,

Recommends

            That National Societies endeavour to present a programme of activity suited to the needs of adolescents when they leave the Junior Sections, thereby retaining them within the ranks of the Red Cross, and

That the Secretariat of the League continue to study this question and inform National Societies of the best methods, ideas and suggestions”.

“X

Rural Hygiene.

The Board of Governors,

Noting with interest that the European Rural Hygiene Congress, assembled at Geneva in 1931, under the auspices of the League of Nations, emphasised the importance of the contribution the Red Cross can make to the improvement of health in rural districts, Observing that the efforts of the national Red Cross Societies which have undertaken activities of this character, especially rural nursing, have encountered a large measure of success, Authorizes the Secretariat to study the principles and methods of rural health work in consultation with such representatives of interested Societies and rural hygiene experts as will serve without cost to the League”.

“XI

Florence Nightingale International Federation

The Board of Governors, Endorsing the action by which the Executive Committee has pledged the support of the League to the plan of the International Council of Nurses to establish a “Florence Nightingale International Foundation”, taking as basis the international nursing courses instituted by the League in London,

Expresses its thanks to the American National Red Cross for enabling the League to continue to finance the present courses up to July 1933,

Urges the national Red Cross Societies to cooperate with the National Nursing’ Associations in securing funds for the proposed Foundation, and notably in raising the sum of £ 5,000 in the form of 20 scholarships of £250 each, necessary to allow of the courses being carried on through the academic year 1933-34,

And requests Sir Arthur Stanley, in conjunction with two members of the Secretariat to be designated by the Secretary General, to constitute, with three nominees of the International Council of Nurses, an interim committee for the purpose of making arrangements for the 1933-34 courses”.

“XII

The Nursing Programme

The Board of Governors, Considering that the XVth International Red Cross Conference, like the Xl Vth, should include nursing representatives from as many National Societies as possible, Noting with interest that a meeting of the International Council of Nurses is to be held in Paris and Brussels in July 1933 and that many prominent nurses from different countries will participate,

Resolves:

(1) That the endeavour be made to arrange for the constitution of a Nursing Commission as one of the Commissions off the 1934 Conference;

(2) That the Secretariat be authorized to take advantage of the meeting of July 1933 to invite representative Red Cross nurses to meet at League headquarters and formulate suggestions regarding nursing questions to be placed on the agenda of the XVth Conference; (3) That the Secretariat be further authorized to continue during the coming two years, providing educational facilities for nurses on the request of national Red Cross Societies”           

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, Brussels, 1930

“XIII

Nursing.

The Board of Governors approves the methods adopted by the Secretariat for the study of the best means of assisting national Societies members of the League to further the most effective and reasonable development of the nursing profession.

While noting that the formation and administration of nursing schools have been undertaken successfully by many national Societies, the Board nevertheless recognizes that the initial stage of such work calls, in certain cases, for the direct assistance of the League Secretariat until such time as nurses trained in the countries in question are themselves able to assume the direction of nursing schools. The. Board of Governors considers that, on the analogy of the present evolution of medical training, the organization of exchange and travel arrangements, and of international study centres, must be regarded as a long-time obligation. The Board consequently considers necessary the continuation of the London courses, and instructs the Secretariat to study the means of ensuring the conduct of these courses on the most economical basis possible without impairing the practical and moral value which they represent for the Red Cross”.

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Board of Governors

Meeting of the Board of Governors, [sine loco] May 1927

“IV

Report of Second and Third Commissions

The Second and Third Commissions, merged by your decision, have appointed me to submit the report on their labours. Our task was to examine the activities of the League Secretariat, that is, the work accomplished by the technical divisions during the past year and the special mandates entrusted to these divisions. We have drawn the following conclusions from this examination

3. The Nursing Division

The Nursing Division submitted its report and requested the approval of the Board of Governors for its general policies as outlined in the report and for the further development of its activities, with special reference to:

(1) The International Courses of the League in London;

  1. The further development of the International Courses;
  2. The placing of these courses in the hands of an Education Committee appointed by Bedford College (University of London) on which shall be represented the College of Nursing and the Nursing Division of the League;
  3. The organization of a Refresher Course in London in 1928 for the International Graduates.

(2) The action taken to obtain funds from a philanthropic organization for the financing of the above projects.

(3) The purchase of the thirty-year lease of 15, Manchester Square.

The Commission expressed its appreciation of the work accomplished and recommended that the report be adopted by the Board.

PROPOSED CREATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL.

The Commission, after considering the report on this question, recommends that the Board of Governors modify the present constitution of the Advisory Council as follows: a) It shall authorize the creation of an International Advisory Council, as small as possible, but sufficient to represent at the same time technical and geographical interests. This Council shall be composed of specialists of recognized standing and representing in their individual capacities the fields of : health, nursing, disaster relief and Junior Red Cross. Appointments to this Council shall be made by the Executive Committee for a period of three years”.